3. 2022 and 2023 emissions by scope (in ktCO2e) (1) 2022 2023 Scope 3 3,512 Scope 1 260 Scope 2 (market‑based) 72 Scope 2 (market‑based) 71 Scope 3 3,866 Scope 1 321 4,259 3,843 Cumulative scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions in 2023 by activity (in %) TOTAL 2023 ktCO2e 43.6% Road transport 28.4% Air transport 2.9% Buildings 2.2% Other (waste generated, emissions relating to business travel) 6.9% Emissions relating to sold products 12.9% Ocean transport 1.4% Rail transport and river transport 1.7% Indirect emissions relating to energy 3,843 The 19% drop in scope 1 emissions between 2022 and 2023 is mainly due to the redistribution of needs resulting from reduced operations of the GEODIS aircraft, which led to a significant reduction in kerosene consumption. CO2 emissions from the truck fleet increased with the integration of trans‑o‑flex, offsetting the gains achieved for the equivalent perimeter. These gains are the result of actions to reduce fuel consumption in Europe, with an average reduction in fuel consumption of 2% per 100 km thanks to the new eco-driving program, as well as the decline in activity in the United States in the last quarter. Scope 2 emissions were slightly down despite the integration of the trans-o-flex business, thanks to energy efficiency gains in the Americas region, the increase in LED lighting for the Group as a whole, and an increase in purchases of electricity from renewable sources. Scope 3 emissions were down 9%, mainly due to the decrease in transport volumes, mainly by sea. The improved carbon performance of road transport in Europe is also significant, with an average improvement of over 3% in emissions per tonne-kilometer transported. In 2023, the modal shift from road to rail in Europe avoided emissions of 22,747 tCO2e, an increase of 24% compared with 2022 (18,410 tCO2e). However, operations on the China-Europe rail link have not resumed because of the conflict in Ukraine. Energy In the context of its own operations, the Group consumed 1,418 GWh of energy in 2023. Most of this corresponds to the fuel and natural gas consumed by its road vehicles. Electricity consumption is mainly related to lighting and recharging forklifts at its sites. Energy consumption in 2021, 2022 and 2023 by consumption item (in GWh)(2) •Electricity • Natural gas • Fuel* 1,661 * Diesel, gasoline, kerosene, B100, HVO 270 221 1170 1,418 2023 263 240 915 2021 1,106 221 202 683 2022 Total energy consumption fell by 15% between 2022 and 2023. The consumption of kerosene has largely decreased due to the slowdown in the operation of the GEODIS aircraft. The fuel consumption of the GEODIS truck fleet is also down compared with 2022 for a comparable scope, despite an increase in the number of vehicles. This is due to an average drop of 2% in diesel consumption per 100 km for the European scope. (1) Scope 1 does not include refrigerant emissions, which represent less than 1% of scope 1 emissions. Data for scopes 1 and 2 in 2022 has been revised to include emissions from acquisitions over a full year (Need It Now Delivers, Transport Perrier, Keppel Logistics). Scope 3 data for 2022 (data published in 2022: 3,817 ktCO2e) has been updated to correct double accounting for the European Road Network and to reflect more accurate accounting for Global Freight Forwarding. Scope 3 does not include emissions from acquisitions in 2022 (Need It Now Delivers, Keppel Logistics) and 2023 (primarily trans-o-flex), emissions from Parcels Deliveries in the United States, purchases of goods and services other than freight, fixed assets and commuting. (2) Energy consumption data for 2022 has been revised to integrate the energy consumption of acquisitions through a complete year (Need It Now Delivers, Transport Perrier, PEKAES and Keppel Logistics). The data published in 2022 represented a total of 1,449 GWh, broken down as follows: electricity 244 GWh, gas 211 GWh, fuel 994 GWh. In 2022 and 2023, it is estimated that gas and electricity account for 1% and 5% of consumption respectively. 2023 ACTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT - 47 EDITORIAL > 1. PROFILE AND AMBITION > 2. CSR POLICY > 3. ENVIRONMENT > 4. SOCIAL > 5. ETHICS > 6. TABLE OF INDICATORS
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